We employ cutting-edge scientific methods to study ancient artifacts and production remains. The data are interpreted in combination with historical documents to reveal important technological innovations in the history of human civilization. This research area of our Institute has long been internationally renowned, and was praised as the largest historical metallurgy research group in the world by the late Cyril Stanley Smith, a professor of metallurgy at MIT and member of the Manhattan Project. The Institute is expanding its coverage to carry out new research projects on ancient glass, ancient ceramics, ancient paper, ancient organic materials, and more.